Inteligencia artificial generativa en ingresantes a una universidad pública
Generative artificial intelligence in students entering a public universityBarra lateral del artículo
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La inteligencia artificial generativa ofrece nuevas posibilidades para fortalecer el aprendizaje en educación superior. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto del uso de ChatGPT en estudiantes ingresantes de una facultad de ingeniería en una universidad pública de Lima, Perú, durante 2024. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada, con diseño cuasi experimental de pretest y postest. Participaron 236 estudiantes, a quienes se aplicó un cuestionario inicial para conocer su familiaridad con ChatGPT. Posteriormente, se desarrolló un taller sobre inteligencia artificial generativa, abordando LLMs, comodines y técnicas de búsqueda académica. Los resultados mostraron que, si bien los estudiantes ya poseían conocimientos previos sobre la herramienta, tras la intervención se evidenció un incremento significativo en su uso, especialmente en actividades académicas. Se concluye que la capacitación en el uso de ChatGPT mejora las habilidades informativas de los estudiantes en los primeros ciclos universitarios.
Generative artificial intelligence offers new possibilities to strengthen learning in higher education. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the use of ChatGPT in incoming students of an engineering faculty in a public university in Lima, Peru, during 2024. The research was applied, with a quasi-experimental pretest posttest design. A total of 236 students participated, who were administered an initial questionnaire to determine their familiarity with ChatGPT. Subsequently, a workshop on generative artificial intelligence was developed, addressing LLMs, wildcards and academic search techniques. The results showed that, although the students already had previous knowledge of the tool, after the intervention there was a significant increase in its use, especially in academic activities. It is concluded that training in the use of ChatGPT improves the information skills of students in the first university cycles.
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