Contenido principal del artículo

Karen Pamela Tipismana Romero
Jenny Karina Encarnación Ceras
Gianina Beatriz Rivera Panduro
Carlos Alberto Villafuerte Alvarez

Contexto: La conciencia reflexiva sobre los propios procesos cognitivos es clave para construir conocimientos con sentido y su transferencia en edades tempranas. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre las habilidades metacognitivas y el aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes de educación inicial de una institución pública peruana en 2025. Metodología: mediante un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, correlacional, con una muestra censal de 136 estudiantes, a los que se aplicaron dos instrumentos, la Ficha de observación de habilidades metacognitivas (α = 0.87) y la Escala de aprendizaje significativo (ω = 0.89), validados en Perú. Resultados: Las habilidades metacognitivas se ubicaron mayoritariamente en nivel inicio (67.17%), con solo 1.22% en logrado. Las dimensiones más vulnerables fueron conocimiento de variables y monitoreo cognitivo; la integración y existencia mostraron relativa fortaleza. El aprendizaje significativo evidenció ausencia de nivel logrado global, siendo la comprensión la dimensión más crítica (64.50% en inicio, 0% logrado). Se identificó correlación positiva moderada entre ambas variables (ρ = 0.563), la participación (ρ = 0.792) y la motivación (ρ = 0.694) presentaron las asociaciones más robustas con metacognición. Conclusión: Se comprueba que el desarrollo metacognitivo y el aprendizaje significativo en educación inicial se encuentran en niveles predominantemente incipientes, aunque se determina que el fortalecimiento intencionado de la conciencia reflexiva sobre el propio aprendizaje constituye una vía promisoria para potenciar la construcción de conocimientos con sentido en estas edades. Se recomienda implementar intervenciones centradas en conocimiento de variables y monitoreo cognitivo, integrando estrategias para fortalecer comprensión, participación y motivación desde edades tempranas.

Context: Reflective awareness of one's own cognitive processes is key to constructing meaningful knowledge and its transfer at an early age. Objective: To analyze the relationship between metacognitive skills and meaningful learning in early childhood education students at a Peruvian public institution in 2025. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted with a census sample of 136 students. Two instruments, the Metacognitive Skills Observation Sheet (α = 0.87) and the Meaningful Learning Scale (ω = 0.89), both validated in Peru, were administered. Results: Metacognitive skills were predominantly at the beginning level (67.17%), with only 1.22% at the level achieved. The most vulnerable dimensions were knowledge of variables and cognitive monitoring; integration and existence showed relative strength. Meaningful learning showed no overall achieved level, with comprehension being the most critical dimension (64.50% at the beginning level, 0% achieved). A moderate positive correlation was identified between both variables (ρ = 0.563). Participation (ρ = 0.792) and motivation (ρ = 0.694) showed the strongest associations with metacognition. Conclusion: Metacognitive development and meaningful learning in early childhood education are predominantly at incipient levels. However, the intentional strengthening of reflective awareness of one's own learning is a promising way to enhance the construction of meaningful knowledge at these ages. It is recommended to implement interventions focused on knowledge of variables and cognitive monitoring, integrating strategies to strengthen comprehension, participation, and motivation from an early age.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Tipismana Romero, K. P. ., Encarnación Ceras, J. K. ., Rivera Panduro, G. B. ., & Villafuerte Alvarez, C. A. . (2026). Habilidades metacognitivas en el aprendizaje significativo de estudiantes de una institución pública peruana. Horizontes Revista De Investigación En Ciencias De La Educación, 10(42), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistahorizontes.v10i42.1236
Sección
INVESTIGACIONES
Bookmark and Share
Referencias

Amorim, N., Marques, A. y Santos, S. (2024). Beyond the classroom: Investigating the relationship between psychomotor development and academic achievement in 4–12-year-olds. Children, 11(8), 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11080973

Aydın, E., & Dinçer, Ç. (2022). “I did it wrong, but i know it”: Young children's metacognitive knowledge expressions during peer interactions in math activities. Thinking Skills, 45, 101104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101104

Barrientos, M. S., Reyes, G. y Sackur, J. (2025). Facets of metacognition and their impact on associative learning. Metacognition Learning, 20(1), 37.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-025-09443-z

Bryce, T. y Blown, E. (2024). Ausubel’s meaningful learning re-visited. Current Psychology, 43(5), 4579-4598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04440-4

Chen, C., Wu, J., Wu, Y., Shangguan, X. y Li, H. (2022). Developing metacognition of 5-to 6-year-old children: Evaluating the effect of a circling curriculum based on Anji Play. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 19(18), 11803. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811803

Chen, S., Green, M. y Hodge, K. N. (2025). Four-to-six-year-olds’ developing metacognition and its association with learning outcomes. Frontiers in Education, 10, 1653320.

Dignath, C., van Ewijk, R., Perels, F. y Fabriz, S. (2023). Let learners monitor the learning content and their learning behavior! A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of tools to foster monitoring. Educational Psychology Review, 35(2), 62.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09718-4

Eberhart, J., Ingendahl, F. y Bryce, D. (2025a). Are metacognition interventions in young children effective? Evidence from a series of meta-analyses. Metacognition and Learning, 20(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-024-09405-x

Eberhart, J., Murayama, K., Sakaki, M. y Bryce, D. (2025b). Metacognitive monitoring in early elementary school-aged children: Task dependency in monitoring judgments, task consistency in monitoring behaviours. Cognitive Development, 74, 101561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101561

Follmer, D. J. y Clariana, R. (2022). Predictors of adults’ metacognitive monitoring ability: The roles of task and item characteristics. The Journal of Experimental Education, 90(3), 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2020.1783193

He, G., Chen, S., Lin, H. y Su, A. (2024). The association between initial metacognition and subsequent academic achievement: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Educational Psychology Review, 36(3), 81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09922-w

Hidayat, H., Harmanto, D., Isa, M. M., Tanucan, J., Ahlunnazak, A., Ifdil, I. y Ardi, Z. (2024). Importance of Metacognitive Awareness in Learning and Instruction for Engineering Students' Education. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 15(1), 149-186. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1424842.pdf

Kersna, L., Lepp, L., Pedaste, M. y Laak, K.-J. (2025). Supporting self-regulated learning in primary education: insights from a Montessori classroom. Frontiers in Education, 10, 1594556. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1594556

Kikas, E., Eisenschmidt, E. y Granström, M. (2023). Conceptualisation of learning to learn competence and the challenges of implementation: The Estonian experience. European Journal of Education, 58(3), 498-509. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12571

Kuhn, D. (2022). Metacognition matters in many ways. Educational Psychologist, 57(2), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2021.1988603

Leclercq, M., Gimenes, G., Maintenant, C. y Clerc, J. (2023). Goal choice in preschoolers is influenced by context, cognitive flexibility, and metacognition. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1063566. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1063566

Lipnická, M. y Vrábľová, A. (2025). Analysis of Children's Conceptions of Concepts at the End of Pre-Primary Education. European Journal of Social Sciences, 65(1). https://doi.org/10.56734/ijahss.v5n8a8

Martins, N., Palmeirao, C. y Matias Alves, J. (2025). Innovation in Portuguese schools: what is the grammar of its conceptualization? Frontiers in Education, 10, 1476880. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1476880

Marulis, L. M., Baker, S. T. y Whitebread, D. (2020). Integrating metacognition and executive function to enhance young children’s perception of and agency in their learning. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 50, 46-54.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.12.017

Moreno, J. P., Pérez, C. G. A. y Montenegro, L. (2021). La metacognición como factor de desarrollo de competencias en la educación peruana. Revista Educación, 46(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.15517/revedu.v46i1.43724

Morón, H. y García, A. (2025). Observation and Scientific Drawing as Practices for Learning Science Through Metacognition: Impact of an Intervention in Primary Teacher Education. Research in Science Education, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-025-10303-8

Muncer, G., Higham, P. A., Gosling, C. J., Cortese, S., Wood-Downie, H. y Hadwin, J. A. (2022). A meta-analysis investigating the association between metacognition and math performance in adolescence. Educational Psychology Review, 34(1), 301-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09620-x

Nieto, N. L., García, S. y Nieto, Á. P. (2021). Links between motivation and metacognition and achievement in cognitive performance among primary school pupils. Anales de psicología, 37(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.383941

Novak, J. D. (2022). Helping People Learn. Cambridge University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108625982

Oana, O. y Flavia, P. (2025). The Meta-Intelligent Child: Validating the MKIT as a Tool to Develop Metacognitive Knowledge in Early Childhood. Journal of Intelligence, 13(11), 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence13110149

Öztürk, E. y Öztürk, G. (2025). Understanding the Link Between Epistemological Beliefs and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Review. International Journal of Educational Studies Policy, 7(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.63612/ijesp.1702246

Öztürk, E. J. (2025). Enhancing adaptive expertise in undergraduate design education: evidence from a quasi-experimental intervention. International Journal of Technology Design Education, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-025-10031-0

Pinheiro, G. y Alves, J. M. (2024). Organizational learning within the context of the functioning of educational teams: The progressive emergence of a professional metamorphosis. Education Sciences, 14(3), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14030247

Roebers, C. M. (2022). Six-to eight-year-olds’ performance in the Heart and Flower task: Emerging proactive cognitive control. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 923615. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923615

Sexton, S. S. (2025). Meaningful Learning—David P. Ausubel. In Science education in theory and practice: An introductory guide to learning theory (pp. 157-171). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81351-1_10

Silva, J., Costa, P. y Veiga, A. M. (2022). Dynamic assessment of self-regulated learning in preschool. Heliyon, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10035

Viana-Sáenz, L., Sastre-Riba, S., & Urraca-Martínez, M. L. (2021). Executive function and metacognition: Relations and measure on high intellectual ability and typical schoolchildren. Sustainability, 13(23), 13083. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313083

Yazici, G. y Dogan, F. (2025). Reflection on designing: metacognitive interventions to enhance metacognitive awareness, motivation, and performance in design learning. International Journal of Technology Design Education, 1-27.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-025-10044-9

Zhao, M., Li, T., Yu, Y., Sin, K. F. y Zheng, E. (2025). Metacognitive strategies and willingness to communicate in L2 learning: A mediation model of self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation. Sage Open, 15(2), 21582440251340830. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251340830