Escala de la expectativa por culminar la carrera profesional de los estudiantes de ingeniería
Scale of expectation for completing the professional career of engineering studentsContenido principal del artículo
Contexto: La educación superior en ingeniería se enfrenta a desafíos como la deserción estudiantil y la inserción laboral de los graduados. Estos problemas están relacionados con las expectativas profesionales que los estudiantes forman a lo largo de su trayectoria académica. Objetivo: Validar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Expectativas por Culminar la Carrera Profesional en estudiantes de ingeniería de Perú. Metodología: Se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo e instrumental, mediante un diseño no experimental de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 300 estudiantes universitarios de ingeniería de Lima. Se aplicó una escala de 27 ítems con formato Likert de cinco puntos, distribuidos en cuatro dimensiones teóricas. Resultados: Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio indicaron una estructura tetrafactorial que explicó el 70.55% de la varianza total, con cargas factoriales entre 0.69 y 0.87. La confiabilidad alcanzó un alfa de Cronbach de 0.84 para la escala general y valores entre 0.70 y 0.83 para las dimensiones. El análisis factorial confirmatorio demostró un ajuste excelente del modelo con RMSEA de 0.030, CFI de 0.96 y TLI de 0.95. Las correlaciones entre factores latentes variaron entre 0.42 y 0.75. Conclusión: Se concluye que, el instrumento posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas de validez de constructo y confiabilidad, lo que respalda su aplicación para evaluar expectativas profesionales en estudiantes de ingeniería del contexto peruano.
Background: Engineering higher education faces significant challenges, such as student attrition and graduate employability. These issues are closely linked to the professional expectations that students develop throughout their academic journey. Objective: To validate the psychometric properties of the Expectations for Degree Completion Scale (EDCS) among engineering students in Peru. Methodology: A quantitative, instrumental, and descriptive approach was employed, using a non-experimental, cross- sectional design. The sample consisted of 300 engineering undergraduates from Lima. A 27-item instrument with a five-point Likert scale, organized into four theoretical dimensions, was administered. Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed a four-factor structure explaining 70.55% of the total variance, with factor loadings ranging from 0.69 to 0.87. Reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 for the overall scale and values between 0.70 and 0.83 for the subscales. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) demonstrated an excellent model fit (RMSEA = .030, CFI = .96, TLI = .95). Correlations between latent factors ranged from .42 to .75. Conclusion: The instrument possesses robust psychometric properties of construct validity and reliability. These findings support its application for assessing professional expectations in engineering students within the Peruvian context.
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