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Anielbys Hernández Martínez
Jorge García Batán
Yumilka Bárbara Fernández Hernández
Background: The expansion of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) challenges Vocational Technical Education (VTE) teachers to develop pedagogical uses of conversational chatbots. Objective: To implement and examine changes observed after a contextualized training programme for lesson planning with conversational chatbots. Method: A mixed-method, one-group pre-experimental study with pre- and post-test measurements was conducted. The participants were 23 teachers from the Construction Department of a technical institute in Camagüey, Cuba. Cognitive, instrumental, and attitudinal dimensions were assessed through questionnaires, interviews, classroom observation, and document review. The training comprised four phases: diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were applied. Results: After the intervention, the proportion of teachers classified at the Good level increased from 13% to 83% in the cognitive dimension (Z = -3.85, p < .001), from 9% to 74% in the instrumental dimension (Z = -4.68, p < .001), and from 13% to 78% in the attitudinal dimension (Z = -3.30, p = .001). Viewing chatbots as a threat decreased from 52% to 13%, whereas 78% viewed them as innovation tools. Conclusion: The results show post-training improvements in knowledge, reported use, and attitudes. Given the absence of a comparison group and the small sample, causal inferences and transferability should be interpreted cautiously.
Contexto: La expansión de la inteligencia artificial generativa (IAG) plantea retos para la preparación de docentes de la Enseñanza Técnica Profesional (ETP) en el uso pedagógico de chatbots conversacionales. Objetivo: Implementar y examinar los cambios observados tras un entrenamiento contextualizado para la planificación docente con chatbots conversacionales. Método: Se realizó un estudio mixto con diseño preexperimental de un solo grupo y mediciones de preprueba y posprueba. Participaron 23 docentes del Departamento de Construcción de un instituto politécnico de Camagüey, Cuba. Se evaluaron dimensiones cognitiva, instrumental y actitudinal mediante cuestionarios, entrevistas, observación de clases y revisión documental. El entrenamiento se organizó en cuatro fases: diagnóstico, planificación, implementación y evaluación. Se aplicó la prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Después de la intervención, el porcentaje de docentes clasificados en el nivel Bien aumentó de 13 % a 83 % en la dimensión cognitiva (Z = -3.85, p < .001), de 9 % a 74 % en la instrumental (Z = -4.68, p < .001) y de 13 % a 78 % en la actitudinal (Z = -3.30, p = .001). La percepción de los chatbots como amenaza disminuyó de 52 % a 13 %, mientras 78 % los valoró como herramientas de innovación. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran mejoras posteriores al entrenamiento en conocimientos, uso declarado y actitudes. Por el diseño sin grupo de comparación y el tamaño muestral, las inferencias causales y la transferibilidad deben interpretarse con cautela.

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Research Articles

How to Cite

Conversational Chatbots in Lesson Planning for Vocational Technical Education. (2026). Horizontes, 10(43), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistahorizontes.v10i43.1301
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