Main Article Content

Raúl Illicachi Guzñay
Background: Student intellectual autonomy requires educational practices that integrate critical reasoning, dialogue, a plurality of knowledge, and an understanding of digital mediations. Objective: To analyze how critical thinking, dialogic communication, epistemic justice, and critical digital literacy can guide educational practices that promote the reasoned examination of claims and prevent non-deliberative dynamics. Method: An integrative review with an interpretive scope was conducted, following transparency criteria adapted from PRISMA 2020. Sixty-four records were identified; after duplicate removal and the application of screening and eligibility criteria, a final corpus of 30 sources was established. The thematic synthesis was developed through deductive-inductive coding. Results: Evidence indicates that critical thinking requires explicit and situated instruction; structured dialogue, authentic problems, and mentoring foster reasoning; epistemic justice demands the recognition of a plurality of voices and knowledge; and digital and algorithmic literacy must encompass the evaluation of sources, data, platforms, and artificial intelligence. Based on these points of convergence, the JPDE framework was formulated: Justifiability, Plurality, Deliberation, and sociotechnical Evaluation. Conclusion: The JPDE framework constitutes an analytical proposal for designing and evaluating practices aimed at intellectual openness, the effectiveness of which should be empirically validated in Latin American basic education contexts.
Contexto: La autonomía intelectual del estudiantado requiere prácticas educativas que articulen razonamiento crítico, diálogo, pluralidad de saberes y comprensión de las mediaciones digitales. Objetivo: Analizar cómo el pensamiento crítico, la comunicación dialógica, la justicia epistémica y la alfabetización digital crítica pueden orientar prácticas educativas que favorezcan la revisión razonada de afirmaciones y eviten dinámicas no deliberativas. Método: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de alcance interpretativo, con criterios de transparencia adaptados de PRISMA 2020. Se identificaron 64 registros; después de eliminar duplicados y aplicar criterios de cribado y elegibilidad, se conformó un corpus final de 30 fuentes. La síntesis temática se desarrolló mediante codificación deductivo-inductiva. Resultados: La evidencia muestra que el pensamiento crítico requiere enseñanza explícita y situada; el diálogo estructurado, problemas auténticos y mentoría favorecen el razonamiento; la justicia epistémica demanda reconocer la pluralidad de voces y saberes; y la alfabetización digital y algorítmica debe incluir evaluación de fuentes, datos, plataformas e inteligencia artificial. A partir de estas convergencias se formuló el marco JPDE: justificabilidad, pluralidad, deliberación y evaluación sociotécnica. Conclusión: El marco JPDE constituye una propuesta analítica para diseñar y evaluar prácticas de apertura intelectual, cuya efectividad deberá validarse empíricamente en contextos de educación básica latinoamericana.

Article Details

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Review Articles

How to Cite

Critical thinking, dialogue, and digital literacy versus non-deliberative educational practices: an integrative review. (2026). Horizontes, 10(43), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistahorizontes.v10i43.1305
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