Main Article Content

Jorge Luis Saavedra-Alburqueque
Background: Reading comprehension is a transversal competence that supports learning across disciplines; however, in Spanish-speaking contexts, insufficient levels are evidenced, limiting academic achievement and students' integral development. The systematic instruction of reading strategies has gained relevance as a pedagogical alternative to reverse this situation. Objective: The aim was to analyze the importance of using reading strategies for the development of reading comprehension in students, as well as to identify the role of teachers in their instruction and the implications for the integral development of learners. Methodology: A narrative review with a PRISMA-oriented approach was conducted. The search was carried out in Scopus and Scielo up to November 2024, using equations with the descriptors "reading strategies" and "reading comprehension" linked with the Boolean operator OR. A hermeneutic analysis-synthesis procedure was applied. Results: Thirty-one studies were included. Three thematic axes were identified: the relevance of the teacher's role in instruction, the implications of reading comprehension for integral development, and the influence of strategy use on comprehension levels. Quasi-experimental research with metacognitive and socio-affective interventions predominated. Conclusion: Reading strategies are inherent to reading comprehension; their explicit instruction mediated by trained teachers favors cognitive, metacognitive and socio-emotional processes of students in mother tongue and second language.
Contexto: La comprensión lectora constituye una competencia transversal que sostiene el aprendizaje en todas las disciplinas; sin embargo, en contextos hispanohablantes se evidencian niveles insuficientes que limitan el rendimiento académico y el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes. La instrucción sistemática de estrategias de lectura ha cobrado relevancia como alternativa pedagógica para revertir este panorama. Objetivo: Se propuso analizar la importancia del empleo de estrategias de lectura para el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora en estudiantes, así como identificar el papel del docente en su enseñanza y las implicancias en el desarrollo integral del educando. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa con orientación PRISMA. La búsqueda se ejecutó en Scopus y Scielo hasta noviembre de 2024, mediante ecuaciones con los descriptores "reading strategies" y "reading comprehension" enlazados con el operador booleano OR. Se aplicó un procedimiento hermenéutico de análisis-síntesis. Resultados: Se incluyeron 31 estudios. Se identificaron tres ejes temáticos: la relevancia del papel docente en la instrucción, las implicancias de la comprensión lectora en el desarrollo integral y la influencia del uso de estrategias en los niveles de comprensión. Predominaron investigaciones cuasiexperimentales con intervenciones metacognitivas y socioafectivas. Conclusión: Las estrategias de lectura son inherentes a la comprensión lectora; su enseñanza explícita mediada por docentes capacitados favorece los procesos cognitivos, metacognitivos y socioemocionales de los estudiantes en lengua materna y segunda lengua.

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Reading strategies and reading comprehension in students: a narrative review. (2026). Horizontes, 10(43), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistahorizontes.v10i43.1309
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