DEVIDA's preventive programs and psychosocial risk factors in secondary school students in Peru
Programas preventivos de DEVIDA y factores de riesgo psicosocial en estudiantes de educación secundaria del PerúArticle Sidebar
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Background: Substance use among adolescents is a priority public health problem, with consequences that compromise cognitive development, academic performance, and social integration. In Peru, the National Commission for Development and a Drug-Free Life (DEVIDA) leads preventive interventions among secondary school students. Objective: To analyze the impact of DEVIDA's preventive programs on reducing psychosocial risk factors in Peruvian secondary school students through a systematic review of the empirical literature. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 studies published between 2022 and 2026, with participants from Peruvian secondary education, were selected. Results: The studies show that the programs reduce substance use and strengthen protective factors such as resilience and family functioning. Family dysfunction, school violence, and prior alcohol use are predominant risk factors. Family functioning, resilience, and school satisfaction act as predominant protective factors. Conclusion: DEVIDA's programs achieve reductions in substance use when implemented with standardized curricula and institutional support, although they require addressing the identified risk factors, greater implementation consistency, and adaptation to rural and indigenous contexts in Peru.
Contexto: el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes representa una problemática de salud pública prioritaria, con consecuencias que comprometen el desarrollo cognitivo, el rendimiento académico y la integración social de los jóvenes. En el Perú, la Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo y Vida sin Drogas (DEVIDA) lidera intervenciones preventivas en la población escolar secundaria. Objetivo: analizar el impacto de los programas preventivos de DEVIDA en la disminución de factores de riesgo psicosocial en estudiantes de educación secundaria del Perú mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura empírica. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a las directrices PRISMA. Tras aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 15 investigaciones publicadas entre 2022 y 2026, con participantes de educación secundaria peruana. Resultados: los estudios muestran que los programas reducen el consumo de sustancias y fortalecen factores protectores como la resiliencia y la funcionalidad familiar. La disfunción familiar, la violencia escolar y el consumo previo de alcohol son factores de riesgo predominantes. La funcionalidad familiar, la resiliencia y la satisfacción escolar operan como factores protectores predominantes. Conclusión: los programas de DEVIDA logran reducciones en el consumo de sustancias cuando se implementan con currículos estandarizados y respaldo institucional, aunque requieren el abordaje de los factores de riesgo identificados, mayor fidelidad de implementación y adaptación a contextos rurales e indígenas del Perú.
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