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Edwin Mamani Yujra
Carlos Arturo Aquise Vargas
Jose Antonio Núñez Mendiguri
Ludwin David Sosa Choque
Contexto: la incorporación acelerada de la inteligencia artificial en la educación superior ha generado un debate sobre sus efectos en el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes universitarios, competencia importante para el análisis de información y la toma de decisiones. Objetivo: determinar la relación y el poder predictivo del uso de la inteligencia artificial sobre el pensamiento crítico en alumnos de primer ciclo de Biomédicas e Ingenierías de la Universidad Andina del Cusco, en Perú. Metodología: investigación cuantitativa, de diseño no experimental y alcance explicativo, con una muestra de 175 alumnos. Los instrumentos fueron dos cuestionarios tipo Likert, uno sobre el empleo de la inteligencia artificial (20 ítems) y otro sobre el pensamiento crítico (26 ítems). Resultados: el uso general de la inteligencia artificial no presentó relación significativa con el pensamiento crítico (rs=.064, p=.401). La indagación y uso de inteligencia artificial fue el predictor más consistente (rs=.297, p<.001; β=.429, p<.001) y creatividad e innovación con inteligencia artificial mostró un efecto negativo sobre la evaluación crítica (β=-.190, p=.038). El modelo explicó el 15.5 % de la varianza. Los estudiantes de Ingenierías superaron a los de Biomédicas en pensamiento crítico (p=.017), sin diferencias por sexo. Conclusión: la influencia de la inteligencia artificial sobre el pensamiento crítico depende de la forma de utilización pues la indagación favorece las competencias críticas, pero el uso acrítico para tareas creativas puede erosionar la evaluación de la información.
Background: The accelerated integration of artificial intelligence in higher education has generated a debate about its effects on the critical thinking of university students, an important skill for information analysis and decision-making. Objective: To determine the relationship and predictive power of artificial intelligence use on critical thinking in first-year Biomedical and Engineering students at the Andean University of Cusco, Peru. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, and explanatory study was conducted with a sample of 175 students. The instruments were two Likert-type questionnaires, one on the use of artificial intelligence (20 items) and the other on critical thinking (26 items). Results: The general use of artificial intelligence did not show a significant relationship with critical thinking (rs=.064, p=.401). Inquiry and the use of artificial intelligence were the most consistent predictors (rs=.297, p<.001; β=.429, p<.001), and creativity and innovation with artificial intelligence showed a negative effect on critical evaluation (β=-.190, p=.038). The model explained 15.5% of the variance. Engineering students outperformed Biomedical students in critical thinking (p=.017), with no differences by gender. Conclusion: The influence of artificial intelligence on critical thinking depends on how it is used, as inquiry fosters critical skills, but its uncritical use for creative tasks can erode information evaluation.

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Mamani Yujra, E., Aquise Vargas, C. A., Núñez Mendiguri, J. A., & Sosa Choque, L. D. (2026). Uso de la inteligencia artificial y pensamiento crítico: evidencia empírica de estudiantes universitarios Cusco, 2026. Horizontes Revista De Investigación En Ciencias De La Educación, 10(44), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistahorizontes.v10i44.1328
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