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Rosa Elvia Sánchez Paladines
Background: Writing constitutes a fundamental skill for school learning; However, Ecuadorian evidence obtained through standardized instruments to evaluate its processes is limited. Objective: To characterize writing processes among students from the third to the seventh year of Basic General Education through the Writing Process Evaluation Battery, PROESC. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, transversal and descriptive-comparative study was designed with 267 students from a fiscal commission educational institution in Loja, Ecuador, selected through non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. Results: Phonological processes represent the main strength, with expected performance percentages exceeding 87% in dictation of pseudowords. The greatest difficulties were concentrated in arbitrary spelling, up to 84.3% of students with difficulties in sixth form, regulated spelling, writing conventions and textual production. The development of writing does not present a linear progression between school grades. Conclusion: The writing profile highlights a consolidated mastery of phonological skills and persistent challenges in spelling, conventions and textual composition, which indicates the need to strengthen assessment and pedagogical intervention throughout Basic General Education.
Contexto: La escritura constituye una competencia fundamental para el aprendizaje escolar; sin embargo, la evidencia ecuatoriana obtenida mediante instrumentos estandarizados para evaluar sus procesos resulta limitada. Objetivo: Caracterizar los procesos de escritura en estudiantes de tercero a séptimo de Educación General Básica mediante la Batería de Evaluación de los Procesos de Escritura, PROESC. Metodología: Se diseñó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y descriptivo-comparativo con 267 estudiantes de una institución educativa fiscomisional de Loja, Ecuador, seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados: Los procesos fonológicos representaron la principal fortaleza, con porcentajes de desempeño esperado superiores al 87 % en dictado de pseudopalabras. Las mayores dificultades se concentraron en ortografía arbitraria, hasta 84.3 % de estudiantes con dificultades en sexto grado, ortografía reglada, convenciones de la escritura y producción textual. El desarrollo de la escritura no presentó una progresión lineal entre los grados escolares. Conclusión: El perfil de escritura evidencia un dominio consolidado de las habilidades fonológicas y desafíos persistentes en ortografía, convenciones y composición textual, lo que indica la necesidad de fortalecer la evaluación e intervención pedagógica durante toda la Educación General Básica.

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Research Articles

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Sánchez Paladines, R. E. (2026). Profile of writing processes in students from the third to the seventh year of Basic General Education. Horizontes, 10(44), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistahorizontes.v10i44.1339
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