Authorship and Contribution Policy

Authors are considered those who have made a significant contribution to the research process, manuscript writing, submission, and adjustment according to the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT). Authors are required to indicate in their Article Submission Letter or the role of each author in the manuscript (editor@revistahorizontes.org).

Authors must present themselves in the order they have established and include the following information:

• Pen name (as used for all scientific publications, e.g., ORCID name).
• Email address.
• Institutional affiliation, which must include the city and country of affiliation.
• ORCID code.

It is understood that the author who submits the manuscript or uploads it to the journal's platform assumes the role of the corresponding author and, therefore, is responsible for managing correspondence throughout the editorial process.

Manuscripts submitted to Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación must be original and unpublished, and they must not have been sent or be currently under review for publication in other scientific journals. Manuscripts must be submitted with the consent of all authors, and all authors must commit to maintaining these conditions until a final decision is made regarding acceptance or rejection.

Authors must commit to providing corrections for any errors found at any stage of the process. In case errors are detected, requests should be made via email to the editor (editor@revistahorizontes.org).

As with the previous comment, this does not refer to a policy. The reviewers’ results will be sent to the authors via the journal's management platform OJS to make the respective corrections as a condition for acceptance.

Before the article is published, authors must assign intellectual property rights to Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación through a form provided by the editorial team. Each author must complete and sign this form. This is balanced with the authors’ rights (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en).

The Editorial and Scientific Committee reserves the right to modify the title and content of accepted articles and to make editorial changes deemed appropriate to improve clarity. Authors are advised to carefully write and review the spelling of their articles, use short and homogeneous paragraphs, and use punctuation correctly.

Plagiarism Policy

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación declares that plagiarism is unacceptable. This implies that any article submitted for review must meet the following criteria before being accepted:

• Articles submitted to Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación must be original and unpublished, and this must be ensured by all authors. Authors are required to use the submission letter format in which they commit to these criteria. The journal does not publish articles previously published in another language.
• Fragmentation of large articles can confuse readers or may be detected as plagiarism, thereby violating the originality criteria established. Authors are asked to include the proper citations if their work references previously published studies. Additionally, the author must be available to respond to editorial team and peer reviewer requests about previously published works on the topic.
• All submitted articles will undergo a strict peer review process and will be run through plagiarism detection software. Articles that do not meet the specified originality criteria will be deemed inadmissible for publication. If the article has already been published in the journal, it will be removed from the respective volume.

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación is committed to its community and will implement necessary retractions and corrections to ensure transparency and due process in case of detected or reported errors.
Authors are responsible for the material included in their works, such as tables, graphs, photographs, figures, and any other content necessary for the publication’s development, and they declare that these do not infringe copyright.

Authors declare that the manuscript is an original work.
All articles will be subject to a strict peer review process and will be run through plagiarism detection software, meaning there should be no cases of copying or paraphrasing, either in whole or in part, without proper references, or any other misuse or mismanagement of information.

If an article does not meet the originality criteria, it will not be published in the journal or will be retracted if this issue is found after publication.

Research Fraud

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación only accepts articles that constitute the result of scientific research, for which the author must present information regarding the research from which the work derives. Furthermore, during the peer review process, experts will assess aspects such as methodologies, presentation of results, argumentation, and conclusions derived to ensure consistency and accuracy of the presented information, as well as its relevance and contribution to the field of study.

Authors are encouraged to have available evidence regarding the information used, as the editor and/or reviewers may request the information, data, and other sources of the contents. Any manipulation, falsification, or fabrication of citations and data will lead to the rejection of the article.

Submission of an Article Copy

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación establishes in its instructions to authors that submitted articles should not have been or be currently under review by other publications. Articles must be original and unpublished, and all authors must commit to Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación to maintain these conditions until it is decided whether they will be published or not.

The plagiarism management policy does not allow the publication of articles that improperly handle "paraphrasing." In cases where an idea is derived from several articles, the original text should be quoted in quotation marks, and an appropriation citation should be included.

The journal also establishes that it will not publish articles that have been previously published in any language. Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación does not accept this option.

Fragmentation

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación establishes that all articles must be original and unpublished. Since fragmenting larger works can cause confusion for readers, authors are advised that if their work references previously published studies, they must provide proper citations for those studies and avoid repeating the same information, as this could be considered a repetition that violates the originality criteria required by the journal. The author will be available to respond to any queries from the editorial team and peer reviewers regarding previously published works on the subject.

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación is committed to the community by issuing necessary retractions or corrections to ensure the transparency of the journal and due process in case of any detected or reported issues.

Use of Artificial Intelligence Resources (Chatbots)

1. The journal adopts the WAME Recommendations on ChatGPT and Chatbots in Relation to Scholarly Publications:
2. Only humans can be authors. Chatbots and AI tools cannot be authors.
3. The journal does not accept articles generated in bulk through one or more AI tools.
4. Authors must take public responsibility for their work. Authors are responsible for the work done by a chatbot in their article, including the accuracy of the content presented, the absence of plagiarism, and the proper attribution of all sources (including material produced by the chatbot).
5. Editors use appropriate tools to help detect AI-generated or altered content.

Corrections and Retractions Policy

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación assumes responsibility for maintaining the integrity and accuracy of published articles. In the field of educational research, the truthfulness of data and transparency in pedagogical processes are fundamental. Therefore, the journal considers corrections and retractions based on the nature of the error or ethical breach detected:

1. Erratum (Errata): Published when the journal has made a technical or production error during the editing or formatting process (e.g., minor errors in the author’s name or the omission of data in a table) that does not alter the results or conclusions of the study.
2. Corrigendum (Correction): Issued when the authors detect an involuntary error in their own published article. For example, an error in a formula, a misquoted reference, or erroneous data in field analysis, a citation that was not attributed, requiring correction to ensure scientific accuracy, but not invalidating the main findings of the research.
3. Retraction: The most severe measure, applied when an article presents critical flaws that invalidate its conclusions, either due to significant scientific errors or severe ethical violations (plagiarism, duplication, data manipulation, or lack of informed consent in educational contexts). The original article will remain in the digital archive but will be clearly marked as "Retracted," with a retraction note explaining the reasons, alerting the academic community.

Procedure: Any request for correction or retraction will be evaluated by the Editorial Committee. In all cases, the correction notice will be electronically linked to the original article to ensure transparency to readers and researchers.

Complaints and Appeals Procedure

The complaints or appeals procedure begins by communicating with the journal's editor, Dr. Magda Cejas (editor@revistahorizontes.org). The editor will confirm the receipt of the communication by email and will assess the merits of the complaint or appeal, informing the Editorial Committee, which will have a 2-week deadline to decide on the matter. The editor will determine the COPE procedure to apply and follow it both in the phase of determining whether an offense exists and, if confirmed, in determining the consequences for the article and communicating with the affected parties.

The Committee may respond by either filing the complaint or appeal or initiating an investigation, which will be communicated to the parties through a report.

If an investigation is initiated, the Editorial Committee will assign an editor responsible, request further background information or charges, and always allow the authors to present their defense. Based on the gathered evidence, a decision will be made. This decision may include the rejection of the complaint, the request for additional background, or the approval of the complaint. In all cases, the decision will be communicated through the committee meeting minutes.

When the information confirms the complaint or accusation, the communication will be shared with both the parties involved and the institution to which the accused belongs.

If the situation warrants, a modification or correction of the publication will be made in the following issue, in the form of a retraction statement.

Conflict of Interest Policy

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación establishes strict criteria to avoid conflicts of interest during the article review process.

Authors must submit an anonymous version of the manuscript that does not allow for the identification of authors, institutions, individuals, or funding sources.

Additionally, reviewers must have experience in research and scientific publications.

The peer review process of Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación is double-blind, ensuring objectivity throughout the process, as neither the authors nor the reviewers will know each other’s identities.

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación ensures that anonymous communication between authors and reviewers follows proper academic standards in relation to comments and manuscript evaluations. The criteria for determining the evaluation results will be outlined in the peer review process section.

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación is committed to declaring any conflicts of interest during the peer review process and establishes the following criteria:

1. a) Peer reviewers selected with expertise in the article’s subject area must have prior scientific publications in the same field.
   b) To initiate the review process, the double-blind nature must be verified to ensure that authors and reviewers are unaware of each other’s identities, ensuring objectivity in handling the manuscript.
   c) Based on the reviewers' opinions, an agreement with the editor will be made to jointly determine whether the article is accepted without changes, accepted with changes (minor or substantial) to the authors, or rejected. The editor will communicate the decision to the authors.

Authors must also have the necessary permissions to disclose any information that involves naming or mentioning other entities or individuals and must clearly indicate any appropriation of prior results used for the research, including informed consents and mentions or acknowledgments of funding sources and individuals who helped with the research.

For additional information on the review process, refer to our Author Guidelines.

Data Sharing and Reproducibility Policy

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación encourages authors to facilitate the sharing and reproducibility of data, as long as it does not violate prior confidentiality agreements or the protection of research subjects' identities. In any case, it should be noted that, as part of the review process, editors or reviewers may request the data used. Authors can link an article to the corresponding dataset through cross-references. It is recommended that this cross-referencing be done in both directions: from the dataset to the article and from the article to the dataset. Authors may deposit the dataset on a platform of their choice.

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación recommends using internationally recognized repositories and platforms to ensure transparency, reproducibility, and open access to study materials. In line with this editorial recommendation, data and supplementary documents are deposited in Mendeley Data, while methodological materials and additional files are managed through the Open Science Framework (OSF). The review protocol was previously registered in PROSPERO, ensuring traceability and preventing duplication of research. Additionally, scripts, codes, and manuscript versions are stored in a GitHub repository, allowing version control and the replicability of the study.

Ethical Oversight Policy

The editorial board of Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación will request authors to provide information on the ethical standards of their research, which must follow the principles outlined in the Singapore Declaration on Integrity in Research.

When applicable, authors must indicate the ethical procedures followed in their research and, at the request of editors or reviewers, must provide relevant information regarding the ethical safeguards developed, especially concerning consent or assent, or regarding authorization for the use of databases.

The use of photographs that include individuals must have the necessary authorizations and should not cause any harm or injury to the individuals depicted in the images.

Intellectual Property Policy

All manuscripts published in the journal are the exclusive responsibility of their authors and do not reflect the opinions of the editorial board of Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación.

It is the authors’ responsibility to ensure that the work is original and unpublished.

Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This ensures the authors' rights, who grant the journal the publication rights for their work.

Privacy Policy

The names and email addresses provided to Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación will only be used for the purposes defined by the journal and will not be available for any other purpose or to any other person or organization. The journal does not allow advertising or marketing on the website.

In accordance with applicable data protection laws, it is informed that by voluntarily providing or registering their information in the channels enabled by this website, users explicitly consent to its inclusion in a database under the editorial team's responsibility. The data will be processed strictly for the journal's purposes and objectives.

Data Anonymization and Ethical Compliance: It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that all data presented has been thoroughly anonymized in accordance with current personal data protection regulations. The use of real names or initials is prohibited; instead, generic identifiers must be used. If the study includes individual clinical cases or patient images, the authors must confirm in the manuscript that prior informed consent has been obtained and that all necessary technical measures have been taken to prevent re-identification, ensuring absolute confidentiality of sensitive information.