Percepción del control parental y su relación con la resiliencia en adolescentes peruanos, guatemaltecos y nicaragüenses
Perception of parental control and its relationship with resilience in Peruvian, Guatemalan and Nicaraguan adolescentsBarra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Este estudio analizó la relación entre el control parental y la resiliencia en adolescentes de Perú, Nicaragua y Guatemala. Se aplicó un diseño cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional con 1001 adolescentes seleccionados por conveniencia. El control parental se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario PERCOPA, que incluye control conductual, apoyo parental y control tecnológico, mientras que la resiliencia fue medida con una escala estandarizada. Los datos se analizaron con la correlación de Spearman. Los resultados mostraron asociaciones positivas y moderadas en los tres países, más fuertes en Nicaragua y más débiles en Guatemala. El apoyo parental presentó la mayor relación con la resiliencia, seguido del control tecnológico y el conductual. Las comparaciones entre países evidenciaron que la asociación global fue significativamente mayor en Nicaragua que en Guatemala. En conclusión, el contexto sociocultural influye en este vínculo y que el apoyo parental y la regulación tecnológica son factores clave para fortalecer la resiliencia adolescente.
This study analyzed the relationship between parental control and resilience in adolescents from Peru, Nicaragua, and Guatemala. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational design was applied with 1001 adolescents selected through convenience sampling. Parental control was assessed using the PERCOPA Questionnaire, which includes behavioral control, parental support, and technological control, while resilience was measured with a standardized scale. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation. Results showed positive and moderate associations in all three countries, stronger in Nicaragua and weaker in Guatemala. Parental support presented the highest association with resilience, followed by technological and behavioral control. Cross-country comparisons indicated that the overall association was significantly higher in Nicaragua than in Guatemala. In conclusion, the sociocultural context influences this relationship, and parental support and technological regulation are key factors in strengthening adolescent resilience.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Arnett, J. J. (2016). The Oxford handbook of emerging adulthood. Oxford University Press.
Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431691111004
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1987). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(7), 513-531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513
Bronfenbrenner, U., y Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 793-828). John Wiley & Sons.
Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Castillo, R., Pérez, J., y Álvarez, M. (2019). Factores familiares y resiliencia en adolescentes de América Latina. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 51(2), 134-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rlp.2019.04.002
Conger, R. D., Conger, K. J., y Martin, M. J. (2010). Socioeconomic status, family processes, and individual development. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 685-704. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00725.x
Darling, N., y Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
Del Río, M. F., Bringas, C., y Peña, M. (2021). Control parental digital y bienestar emocional en adolescentes. Revista de Psicología Infantojuvenil, 38(1), 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpi.2021.02.004
Dishion, T. J., y McMahon, R. J. (2018). Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical formulation. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 11(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0242-3
Fergus, S., y Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26(1), 399-419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357
Fosco, G. M., Stormshak, E. A., Dishion, T. J., y Winter, C. E. (2012). Family relationships and parental monitoring during middle school as predictors of early adolescent problem behavior. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41(2), 202-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.651989
García, F., y Gracia, E. (2010). The indulgent parenting style and developmental outcomes in South European and Latin American countries. Parenting, Science and Practice, 10(1), 155-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295190903212661
García, F., y Musitu, G. (2014). Estilos de socialización parental y ajuste psicosocial en la adolescencia. Ediciones Pirámide.
García, L. M., y López, J. A. (2019). Relación entre estilos parentales y resiliencia en adolescentes de América Latina. Psicología y Educación, 34(2), 67-81.
Gómez-Baya, D., Mendoza, R., y Salinas-Pérez, J. A. (2018). Parenting styles and psychological well-being in adolescents: The mediating role of self-esteem. Child Indicators Research, 11(1), 1417-1436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-017-9472-3
Gómez-Ortiz, O., Romera, E. M., y Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2020). Parenting styles and bullying. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(5-6), 1193-1213. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517696858
Kritzas, N., y Grobler, A. A. (2005). The relationship between perceived parenting styles and resilience during adolescence. Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 17(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.2989/17280580509486586
Livingstone, S., y Byrne, J. (2018). Parenting in the digital age. Oxford Handbook of Children and Media, 2(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190675307.013.35
Luthar, S. S. (2006). Resilience in development: A synthesis of research across five decades. In D. Cicchetti & D. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Risk, disorder, and adaptation (2nd ed., pp. 739-795). Wiley.
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., y Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic. Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
Masten, A. S., y Tellegen, A. (2012). Resilience in developmental psychopathology: Contributions of the Project Competence Longitudinal Study. Development and Psychopathology, 24(2), 345-361. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941200003X
Novella, A. (2002). Incremento de la resiliencia luego de la aplicación de un programa de psicoterapia breve en madres adolescents [Tesis de maestría, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos].
Odgers, C. (2018). Screen time and mental health in adolescence. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 238-239. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0326-5
Pinquart, M. (2017). Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Marriage & Family Review, 53(7), 613-640. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1247761
Raffaelli, M., Koller, S. H., y Morais, N. A. (2018). Developmental risk and resilience among Brazilian street youth. Journal of Adolescence, 21(5), 369-382. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1998.0153
Ramos, M. (2016). Resiliencia en adolescentes latinoamericanos y sus factores protectores. Psicología y Desarrollo, 32(1), 55-78.
Steinberg, L. (2014). Age of opportunity: Lessons from the new science of adolescence. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Sucari, W., Aza, P., y Yana, M. (2022a). Familia y escuela en el Perú. Instituto Universitario de Innovación Ciencia y Tecnología Inudi Perú.
Sucari, W., Sucari, T. H., y Calsin, A. M. (2024b). Paradigmas y métodos de la investigación científica. Instituto Universitario de Innovación Ciencia y Tecnología Inudi Perú.
Sucari, W., Mamani-Yucra, R., Arias, Y., Saavedra-Yoshida, S., Carhuas-Peña, L., y Cusi-Zamata, L. (2024c). Diseño y validación del Cuestionario PERCOPA: instrumento para evaluar la percepción de adolescentes sobre el control parental. Revista científica en ciencias sociales, 6, e601105. https://doi.org/10.53732/rccsociales/e601105
Ungar, M. (2011). The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01067.x
Zimmerman, M. A., y Arunkumar, R. (1994). Resiliency research: Implications for schools and policy. Social Policy Report, 8(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.1994.tb00065.x
Wagnild, G.M. y Young, H.M. (1993) Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement. 1(2). 165-177.