Influencia de la gestión académica en la deserción estudiantil en una Escuela de Educación Superior Pedagógica
Influence of Academic Management on Student Dropout in a Pedagogical Higher Education InstitutionContenido principal del artículo
Introducción: Las instituciones de Educación Superior Pedagógica son clave en la formación inicial de futuros maestros. Sin embargo, diversos factores pueden motivar la deserción estudiantil, afectando la continuidad académica y el logro de los objetivos educativos. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la gestión académica en la deserción estudiantil en una Escuela de Educación Superior Pedagógica de Huánuco, Perú. Metodología: Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo-correlacional, con una muestra intencional de 32 estudiantes del primer ciclo. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios validados mediante juicio de expertos y con confiabilidad medida por Alfa de Cronbach. La correlación entre gestión académica y deserción estudiantil se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de Spearman. Resultados: Se encontró una correlación positiva alta entre gestión académica y deserción estudiantil (r = 0,729; p < 0,01). Las dimensiones socioeconómica y metodología docente presentaron las correlaciones más elevadas (r = 0,661), seguidas del desempeño docente (r = 0,627), evidenciando que aspectos de apoyo académico y metodológico inciden directamente en la permanencia de los estudiantes. Conclusiones: La gestión académica tiene una influencia significativa sobre la deserción estudiantil, constituyéndose en un elemento clave para la retención, desde la admisión hasta la obtención del grado. La atención a factores socioeconómicos y metodológicos resulta fundamental para reducir la deserción y fortalecer la formación de futuros docentes.
Educational institutions fulfill a fundamental role in the initial training of future teachers; however, a high degree of eagerness to enter majors can lead to disengagement among young students. In this context, the research aimed to determine the influence of academic guidance on student dropout rates in a Peruvian university's Higher Education School of Pedagogical Studies. The study used a quantitative descriptive correlational approach with an intention group of 32 first-year students who applied for admission; they answered two validated and reliable questions using expert judgment and Cronbach’s Alpha reliability. Spearman correlation between academic guidance and student dropout rates was found to be .729 (p < .01), indicating a high positive association. The dimensions of socio-economic (r = .661) and didactic methodology (r = .661) were the dimensions with the highest correlations, followed by teaching performance (r = .627). Academic guidance exerts a significant influence on student dropout rates, serving as a fundamental support for retention from admission to graduation.
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